Physical exercise and metabolic syndrome: Evidence update (2015–2025)

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a major public health problem associated with abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Physical exercise has been shown to be an effective intervention for its prevention and treatment. The objective of this study is to update the scientific evidence on the effects of physical exercise on metabolic syndrome in adults, based on studies published between 2015 and 2025. Methods: A systematic review was conducted under PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Original studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews in humans, published in Spanish and English, were included. Results:

Of a total of 865 articles identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Most reported significant improvements in insulin resistance, blood pressure, lipid profile, and body composition, especially with combined aerobic and strength training programs. Conclusions: Physical exercise is an essential strategy for the comprehensive management of metabolic syndrome. Multi-component, supervised programs offer greater benefits.

Keywords. Metabolic Syndrome; Exercise; Physical Activity; Exercise Therapy; Insulin Resistance; Systematic Review.